.NET Technology Interview Questions

.NET is one of the most widely used frameworks and is used to deploy and run a number of applications. All those who are thinking about appearing for the job interview will find these .NET technology interview questions quite handy. The list of the questions and answers we have put together is quite comprehensive. These are the questions that are most commonly asked in the interviews of .NET. These are also the anticipated questions that may be asked in the future interviews.

There are innumerable concepts of .NET that are mastered by the professionals in the job. However, when you are appearing for an interview, not only your knowledge is tested but also your aptitude. This is the reason why interviewers make sure that not all the questions are straightforward. By looking at these questions and their answers you will get a very good idea as to what you will be subjected to in an interview. These set contains simple as well as advanced questions.

Do not expect the interviewers to use the same words as we have used here. However, the meaning of the questions will remain more or less the same. Take a look and get ready for the interview.

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1) Explain what is .NET Framework?

The.Net Framework is developed by Microsoft. It provides technologies and tool that is required to build Networked Applications as well as Distributed Web Services and Web Applications.

2) What does .NET Framework provides?

.NET Framework renders the necessary compile time and run time foundation to build and run any language that conforms to the Common Language Specification (CLS).

3) Mention what are main components of .Net framework?

The two main components of .Net framework are

• Common Language Runtime (CLR)


• .Net Framework Class Library (FCL)


• Application Domains


• Runtime Host


• Cross-Language Interoperability


• Side-by-Side Execution


• Profiling


• Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR)


• Common Type System


• Metadata and Self-Describing Components


• .Net Framework Security

4) Mention key characteristics of .NET ?

• Unlike other programming language, in .NET the program will be compiled into an intermediate language representation known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)


• MSIL code does not contain any API calls particular to any platform


• Compiler checks only for syntax and the necessary semantics as such it is


• Libraries used by the program are linked even before generating MSIL. It is linked in an un-compiled form


• Instead of directly calling API of the operating system, the program uses CLR to call API. CLR acts as mediator


• Garbage collection and automatic memory management are done by CLR

5) Mention what are the languages that .NET supports?

Languages that .NET supports are,

• NET


• C#


• COBOL


• PERL

6) Mention how big is the datatype int in .NET?

Datatype int in .NET is 32 bits.

7) Mention what is .Net Namespaces?

Namespaces in .NET is nothing but a way to organize .NET Framework Class Library into a logical grouping according to their usability, functionality as well as category they belong to.

8) Mention what is MSIL in .NET ?

• MSIL stands for Microsoft Intermediate Language


• During the compile time, the source code is converted into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) by compiler


• MSIL is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to the native code

9) Mention what are the functions .NET Assembly performs?

Assembly is the main unit of deployment in a .NET Framework application executed as .exe or .dll.

An assembly performs following functions

• It consists of an IL code that gets executed by common language runtime


• It forms a security boundary


• By establishing name scope for types at the runtime, it ensures safety


• It carries version information


• It enables side-by-side execution of multiple versions of the same assembly


• Assembly is where permission is requested and granted.

10) Mention what is .Net Assembly Manifest?

.Net Assembly Manifest is a file which contains metadata about .NET Assemblies.  It describes how the elements in the assembly relate to each other. In other words, it describes the relationship and dependencies of the components in the Assembly, scope information, versioning information, etc.

11) Mention what is MSIL in .NET ?

Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) includes instructions for storing, loading, initializing, and calling methods on objects, as well as instructions for logical and arithmetic operations, direct memory access, control flow, exception handling, and other operations.

12) Explain what is PE (Portable Executable) File format?

The Portable Executable (PE) format is a file format for executables, object code, and DLLs, used in 64-bit and 32-bit versions of Windows operating systems.

13) Mention what is the difference between Assembly and Namespace?

• Namespace can span multiple assemblies


• Namespace can logically groups class


• Assembly is a physical grouping of logical units

14) List out the namespace provided by .net for data management?
The namespace provided by .net for data management include,

• Data


• Data.SQLClient


• XML

15) Mention what is GAC in .net ?

GAC stands for Global Assembly Cache. It is an area of memory reserved to store the assemblies of all .NET applications that are running on a certain machine.

16) Mention what is STA in .NET?

STA or single threaded apartment model offers a message-based paradigm for dealing with multiple objects running concurrently. Every thread lives within its own apartment.

17) Mention what is data access modifier in .NET?

Data access modifier in .NET provide a class, a function or a variable with accessibility.

18) Mention what are the types of access modifier in .NET?

The access modifier in .NET are five types

• Public


• Private


• Protected


• Internal


• Protected Internal

19) Mention the type of code security available in .NET?

The type of code security available in .NET are

• Role based security: This authorizes the user.

• Code access security: This protects system resources from unauthorized calls.

20) Explain how you can implement singleton pattern in .NET?

To implement singleton pattern in .NET, following steps, has to be implemented.

• Create a class with static members


• Define a private constructor


• To access the singleton object, a static method can be used

21) Explain how the exception is handled in .NET?

In .Net, when there is an exception, the .NET framework creates an object of type ‘Exception’ and ‘throws’ it. This Exception object will have all the information about the ‘error’.

If you have enclosed your code within the try-catch block, you will receive the exception object in the ‘catch’ block when the exception occurs.

22) Explain how can you create and use an array in .NET?

In .NET, you can create array by following ways,

• Declaring a reference to an array


• Create array of ten Int32elements


• Creating a 2-dimensional array


• Creating a 3-dimensional array

23) Mention what is user-defined data type?

A user-defined data type is a named data type created by the user. It can be a structured type which has a sequence of named attributes that each has a type, or It can be a distinct type sharing a common representation with some built-in data type.  Based on this it can be categorized as,

• Distinct type


• Reference type


• Structured type

24) List out few of the .Net base class library namespace?

The .Net base class library encapsulates a huge number of common functions and makes them easily accessible to the developer.

Few of the .Net base class library namespace are

• Activities


• Collections


• Configuration


• EnterpriseServices


• Management


• Runtime and so on

25) Mention what is the difference between structures and classes in .NET?

Classes	Structures
Usually, it is used for large volume of data	It is used for smaller amounts of data
It can be inherited	It cannot be inherited
It can be NULL	It cannot be NULL like the class.
For class the keyword used is ‘class’.	For structure the keyword used is ‘struct’.
By default class member variables are private.	By default structure, members have public access.
It contains a volatile field.	It cannot contain the volatile field.
Cannot use size of operator	Can use size of operator
Fields are automatically initialized	Fields are not initialized automatically

26) Mention the types of multidimensional arrays used in .NET ?

The types of multidimensional arrays used in .NET are,

• Jagged Arrays: These type of multidimensional arrays have each sub-array as independent arrays of different lengths. For Jagged arrays, you need to use a separate set of square brackets.

• Rectangular Arrays: These type of multidimensional arrays have all the sub-arrays with a particular dimension of the same length. For rectangular arrays, you need to use a single set of square brackets.

27) Explain how to add properties in.NET?

To add properties in.NET, either you can use property procedures or fields.

28) Mention what is event bubbling in .NET?

The event bubbling in .NET is defined as the passing of the control from child to the parent is called as bubbling.  Controls like datalist, datagrid, repeater, etc. can have child controls like listbox, etc.

29) Mention what are the debugging windows available?

The windows available while debugging include,

• Breakpoints


• Output


• Immediate

30) What is the syntax for Net?

The syntax for ASP.Net usually consists of HTML file.  However, an ASP file can contain server script with delimiters.  An example of “Hello World !”

< ! DOCTYPE html>

< html >

< body >

< %

Response.write (“Hello World!”)

%>

</body>

</html>